1. Neurodevelopmental disorders
Mental diseases linked to alterations in neurodevelopment form a type of mental illness characterized by the presence of a series of deficits and difficulties in different abilities and abilities that manifest themselves during the maturational development of the person, appearing the first symptoms during childhood.
2. Spectrum disorders of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
This type of disease has a common symptomatology, and it is the presence of symptoms that are both positive, that is, they add or exaggerate some aspect to the normative behavior, as well as negative, in which the capacity of the subject is diminished and impoverished.
Among the most well-known positive symptoms is the presence of perceptive hallucinations and cognitive delusions of different types, while among the negatives anhedonia, the impoverishment of language and alogia are common.
3. Bipolar disorder and related disorders
Bipolar disorder is a type of mental illness characterized by the alternation between two opposite emotional poles, mania (or hypomania if the symptoms are minor) and depression .
This alternation produces a severe emotional exhaustion in the patient, who goes from being completely euphoric and with a very high level of energy to a situation of sadness , demotivation and despair. In addition to bipolar disorder and its different subtypes we can find other disorders within this category, such ascyclothymic disorder .
4. Depressive disorders
The basic characteristics of this type of mental illness are based on the presence of a state of pathological and persistent sadness accompanied by anhedonia or lack of pleasure and / or apathy. It is frequent that there is a great passivity at the vital level due to lack of motivation and despair. In fact, more than the sadness that characterizes depressive disorders is the lack of initiative and interest, something that is often expressed in a symptom known as abulia .
5. Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders can be identified due to the high level of psychophysiological activation they cause along with the presence of high negative affect or discomfort.
Often these characteristics are accompanied by a strong attempt to avoid things or situations that cause anxiety, and may be very limiting disorders in daily life. Within this class of mental disorders include, among others, panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia ), generalized anxiety disorder and different types of phobias(social, specific, etc.).
6. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related
This type of disease of the OCD environment is characterized by the presence of a profile of rigid and inflexible behavior, the presence of doubts and a certain level of perfectionism . But the most distinctive and characteristic of this category is the presence of obsessions, intrusive and repetitive ideas that are recognized as their own and in general as absurd by the subject.
7. Trauma and other disorders related to stress
8. Dissociative Disorders This type of mental disorder is based on the experience of certain life circumstances, or the presence or absence of a specific stressor, which being lived in an extremely aversive by the person cause in the subject a different pattern of behavior who would have if he had not lived these situations, and that produces much discomfort in the form of crisis.
Some vital circumstances cause the mind to react in an anomalous way, causing a dissociation of its basic mechanisms and processes, such as memory or identity. Formerly one of the two types of mental illness that were considered typical of hysteria, these disorders include dissociative amnesia, depersonalization or multiple personality disorder .
9. Disorder for somatic symptoms and related disorders
The other and main element that was considered as a symptom of hysteria, the presence of disorders by somatic symptoms . This type of mental illness has as its main feature the presence of physical symptoms without there being any physiological cause for it, the physical symptoms being the product of one's own mind.Emphasizes somatoform disorder (now by somatic symptoms), conversion disorder or hypochondria.
10. Eating disorders
Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are mental disorders that we often hear about. These two types of mental illness are two of the main eating disorders, which are known for the presence of abnormal eating patterns.
Although in the two examples cited these patterns are characterized by a certain distortion of the body imageand the presence of an intense fear of gaining weight, rejecting the consumption of food or doing behaviors that force the elimination of calories, the same is not the case in all mental illnesses in this category, which also includes pique or consumption of non-nutritious substances (for example, gypsum), or excessive consumption of food due to anxiety or binge eating disorder .
11. Disorders of excretion
The feeding and nutrition contribute fundamental nutrients to the organism in order that it can work correctly, but in a given moment the surplus elements have to be expelled from the body.
In the case of people with disorders of excretion, such expulsion occurs in inappropriate and uncontrolled circumstances, sometimes as a consequence of anxiety. In this aspect , eneuresis and encopresis , in which urine or feces are excreted, respectively, stand out.
12. Sleep-wake disorders
Sleep problems are also very prevalent in societies like ours. These problems can be due to a lack of sleep or insomnia or excess of this, or hypersomnia. In both cases, fatigue, demotivation and, in some cases, memory and attention problems are caused.
In addition, rare behaviors during sleep known as parasomnias may appear. Disorders such as nightmares ,night terrors , sleepwalking or Kleine-Levin syndrome are examples of this category with insomnia and primary hypersomnia .
13. Sexual dysfunctions
Although even today it is a very silenced subject and considered taboo, there is a wide variety of sexual problems. Sexual dysfunctions are composed of those disorders that alter, impede or hinder the achievement of different phases of human sexual response, appearing mainly at the level of desire, excitement or orgasm.
Premature ejaculation, problems of erection, anorgasmia or inhibited sexual desire are some of the disorders of this kind for which more is consulted in the clinic.
14. Disruptive disorders of impulse and behavior control
This classification refers to the presence of a sudden impulse characterized by a high level of activation and anguish that the individual is unable or has severe difficulties to resist, due to the deep gratification and well-being that he receives with his behavior. An example is intermittent explosive disorder , kleptomania orpyromania .
15. Substance use disorders and addictive disorders
The consumption and abuse of psychoactive substances can cause serious problems in the body. Within this type of problems we find addiction, dependence, intoxication and abstinence to very different types of substances, whether stimulating, depressing or disturbing.
16. Neurocognitive disorders
Neurocognitive disorders refer to that group of disorders that cause an alteration in consciousness or higher mental processes due to a disturbance at the neuronal level . Confusional syndromes, delirium or neurodegenerative disorders such as dementias fall within this classification.
17. Paraphilic disorders
The so-called paraphilias are a type of mental illness characterized by the presence of intense and persistent fantasies in which the object of sexual desire is anomalous, generally having some compulsive fixation in those types of stimuli that interfere in life or cause discomfort.
It usually refers to situations in which the object of desire is an inanimate object or entity, a non-consensual being or the suffering or humiliation of one of the components.
18. Personality disorders
Each of us has a personality of our own, developed throughout our lives based on our experiences, in which it is possible to observe the tendency to respond in certain ways to the stimuli of the environment. The kind of behaviors we do and usually do, as we analyze and observe the world and even our own identity are mediated by the personality.
This type of mental illness supposes the presence of a personality that supposes a high level of suffering to the person who has it or greatly limits his life and his participation in the world. Borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality, histrionic personality disorder , obsessive personality or avoidant personality are some of the disorders that are part of this classification .
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